K.N.O.W. Home Health - PROSTATE CANCER

Understanding Prostate Cancer

What is Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer starts in the prostate, a small gland in men that helps make semen. Some prostate cancers grow slowly, while others grow quickly. Prostate cancer can sometimes spread to other parts of the body, like the bones or nearby lymph nodes. This spreading is called metastasis.

Symptoms to Watch For

Call your doctor or nurse if you notice:

Trouble urinating, weak flow, or frequent urination
Unusual bleeding, persistent pain, or sudden swelling
Fever, infections, or changes in appetite or weight
Shortness of breath, coughing, or digestive changes

Tip: Keep a daily log of your symptoms. Write down what you notice and when it happens.

Treatment Overview

Your doctor may recommend one or more treatments:

Surgery: Remove cancer from the prostate
Radiation: High-energy beams to destroy cancer cells
Chemotherapy: Medicine to kill cancer cells
Hormone Therapy or Immunotherapy: Medicine that helps block hormones or boost your immune system

Possible side effects:

Nausea, tiredness, mouth sores, skin or hair changes
Increased risk of infections if your immune system is weak

Tips for home care:

Take medications exactly as prescribed
Watch for signs of infection like fever, redness, or swelling

Nutrition and Hydration

Eating well helps your body recover:

Choose foods high in protein, vitamins, and calories
Eat small meals often if you feel nauseated or have a low appetite
Drink plenty of fluids and watch for dehydration (dry mouth, dark urine, dizziness)

Activity and Safety

Walk or stretch gently if you feel able
Rest often and pace your activities
Take care to prevent falls, especially if you feel weak or dizzy

Infection Prevention

Wash your hands often
Avoid large crowds if your immune system is low
Call your doctor right away if you notice fever, redness, or swelling

Emotional and Mental Health

Feeling stressed, scared, or sad is normal
Talk to your family, friends, or caregivers
Ask your nurse or doctor for support groups, counseling, or spiritual support

Follow-Up and Self-Care

Keep all doctor appointments, lab work, and scans
Check your body for changes if appropriate (skin, mouth, or other areas)
Call your nurse or go to the ER for red-flag symptoms, like:
- Chest pain
- Sudden swelling
- Shortness of breath
- Uncontrolled bleeding

Patient Empowerment

Ask questions: “What changes should I call my nurse about?”
Use written instructions or visual aids to remember important care steps
Trusted resources:
- American Cancer Society
- National Cancer Institute

Patient Homework / Assessment: True or False

Choose TRUE or FALSE for each statement.

TRUE or FALSE: Prostate cancer starts in the liver.
TRUE or FALSE: Prostate cancer can spread to other parts of the body.
TRUE or FALSE: Slow-growing prostate cancer is never serious.
TRUE or FALSE: Trouble urinating can be a symptom of prostate cancer.
TRUE or FALSE: Unusual bleeding should be reported immediately.
TRUE or FALSE: Fever and infections can occur during prostate cancer treatment.
TRUE or FALSE: Keeping a daily symptom log is helpful for your care team.
TRUE or FALSE: Surgery can remove cancer from the prostate.
TRUE or FALSE: Radiation uses high-energy beams to destroy cancer cells.
TRUE or FALSE: Skipping medications is safe if you feel better.
TRUE or FALSE: Eating foods high in protein can help your body recover.
TRUE or FALSE: Small, frequent meals can help if you have low appetite.
TRUE or FALSE: Staying hydrated is important during prostate cancer treatment.
TRUE or FALSE: Gentle exercise can help maintain strength and reduce fatigue.
TRUE or FALSE: Washing your hands regularly can prevent infections.
TRUE or FALSE: Feeling scared or stressed during cancer treatment is normal.
TRUE or FALSE: You should avoid asking your nurse questions to not bother them.
TRUE or FALSE: Chest pain, shortness of breath, or uncontrolled bleeding should be reported immediately.
TRUE or FALSE: Follow-up appointments, lab work, and scans are not important after prostate cancer treatment.
TRUE or FALSE: Resources like the American Cancer Society provide reliable information about prostate cancer.

Answer Key with Explanations

FALSE – Prostate cancer starts in the prostate, not the liver.
TRUE – Prostate cancer can spread to other parts of the body like bones or lymph nodes.
FALSE – Even slow-growing prostate cancer can be serious and needs treatment.
TRUE – Trouble urinating is a common symptom.
TRUE – Unusual bleeding is a red-flag symptom and should be reported.
TRUE – Fever and infections can occur, especially if your immune system is weak.
TRUE – A symptom log helps your care team track changes.
TRUE – Surgery can remove cancer from the prostate.
TRUE – Radiation uses high-energy beams to target cancer cells.
FALSE – Skipping medications can make cancer harder to treat.
TRUE – Protein-rich foods help your body heal and recover.
TRUE – Small, frequent meals help when appetite is low.
TRUE – Staying hydrated is essential during treatment.
TRUE – Gentle exercise helps maintain strength and reduce fatigue.
TRUE – Handwashing reduces your risk of infection.
TRUE – Emotional stress is normal; support is available.
FALSE – Always ask questions; your nurse expects and welcomes them.
TRUE – These are emergency symptoms that need immediate attention.
FALSE – Follow-up care is critical to monitor progress and catch problems early.
TRUE – Organizations like ACS provide trusted information and support.