CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) – General Information

A cerebrovascular accident (CVA), more commonly known as a stroke, happens when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced. This prevents brain tissue from getting the oxygen and nutrients it needs, causing brain cells to begin dying within minutes. A stroke is a medical emergency and fast treatment is crucial.

Types of Cerebrovascular Accidents (Strokes)

There are three main types of CVAs:

1. Ischemic Stroke

• Most common type (about 87% of strokes).
  
  

• Happens when a blood clot or other blockage cuts off blood flow in an artery leading to the brain.
  
  

• Often caused by:
  
  

  • Blood clots (thrombosis or embolism)
    
    

  • Atherosclerosis (hardening/narrowing of the arteries)
    
    

2. Hemorrhagic StrokE

• Caused by a blood vessel in the brain bursting, leading to bleeding in or around the brain.
  
  

• This bleeding increases pressure in the brain and damages brain cells.
  
  

• Often related to:
  
  

  • High blood pressure
    
    

  • Aneurysms
    
    

  • Head injury
    
    

  • Blood thinners
    
    

3. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

• Sometimes called a “mini-stroke.”
  
  

• Caused by a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain.
  
  

• Symptoms are similar to a stroke but go away within minutes to hours and don’t cause permanent damage.
  
  

• A warning sign that a full stroke could happen later.

Summary

All types of strokes involve a disruption of blood flow to the brain, but the cause and consequences can vary. Ischemic strokes involve a blockage, hemorrhagic strokes involve bleeding, and TIAs are temporary but serious warning signs. Early recognition and treatment are key to preventing brain damage and saving lives.