K.N.O.W. Home Health - KORSAKOFF SYNDROME

Patient Education: Korsakoff’s Syndrome

What It Is

Korsakoff’s Syndrome is a brain disorder that makes it hard to remember things. It usually happens after severe lack of vitamin B1 (thiamine) in the body, often caused by heavy drinking or other illnesses.

Causes and Risk Factors

Most often caused by long-term alcohol use that stops the body from getting enough vitamin B1.
Can also happen after severe malnutrition or diseases that affect vitamin B1 absorption.
Other risks include chronic illness, poor diet, and certain medical treatments.

Signs and Symptoms

Early signs:

Trouble remembering new information
Forgetting recent events
Confusion or trouble focusing

Other symptoms:

Making up stories to fill memory gaps (called confabulation)
Problems learning new things
Difficulty with coordination or balance
Personality changes

Complications if Untreated or Noncompliant

Memory loss may get worse and become permanent
Problems with daily activities and self-care
Increased risk of injury from falls or accidents
Emotional problems like depression or anxiety

Treatment and Self-Care Measures

Treatment focuses on replacing vitamin B1 (thiamine) by injections or supplements.
Stopping alcohol use completely is very important.
Support from family and healthcare providers for daily tasks.
Memory aids like notes, calendars, and reminders can help.

Common Medications, Purpose, and Side Effects

Thiamine supplements: Restore vitamin B1 levels to help brain function. Side effects are rare but can include mild stomach upset.
Medications for mood or anxiety: Sometimes prescribed; side effects depend on the medicine.
No medications cure Korsakoff’s but treatment can prevent worsening.

Dietary Needs

Balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals
Plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
Avoid alcohol completely

Lifestyle Changes

Abstain from alcohol
Follow medical advice closely
Use memory tools and routines
Attend therapy or support groups if recommended

Safety Considerations

Watch for confusion or memory lapses that affect safety
Use reminders for medication and appointments
Supervise activities like cooking or driving if needed
Prevent falls by removing hazards at home

Prevention and Maintenance Tips

Early treatment with thiamine prevents progression
Regular medical check-ups to monitor health
Maintain a healthy diet and avoid alcohol
Use support systems for daily living needs

When to Call for Help

Call Home Health Nurse or Doctor if:

Memory problems get worse
New confusion or unusual behavior appears
Mood changes such as depression or anxiety increase
Trouble taking medications or caring for self

Call 911 or Go to Emergency Room if:

Sudden severe confusion or unresponsiveness
Falls or injuries happen
Signs of severe dehydration or infection

PATIENT HOMEWORK/ASSESSMENT

True/False Knowledge Check

Instructions: For each statement below, write True or False. If the statement is false, please correct it to make it true.

___ Korsakoff’s Syndrome mainly affects memory and learning.
___ It is most often caused by a lack of vitamin C.
___ Long-term alcohol use is a major risk factor.
___ Trouble remembering recent events is an early sign.
___ Confabulation means making up stories to cover memory loss.
___ Korsakoff’s Syndrome can be cured completely with medication.
___ Taking vitamin B1 (thiamine) can help prevent the disease from worsening.
___ People with Korsakoff’s usually have good coordination.
___ Stopping alcohol use is important for treatment.
___ A healthy diet is not necessary once treatment starts.
___ Memory aids like notes and calendars can help manage symptoms.
___ Mood changes such as anxiety or depression may occur.
___ Falls and injuries are a safety risk in Korsakoff’s.
___ Confusion and memory loss usually improve quickly without treatment.
___ Regular doctor visits help prevent complications.
___ Drinking alcohol moderately is safe with Korsakoff’s Syndrome.
___ Thiamine supplements can cause severe side effects in most people.
___ Family support is important for managing daily tasks.
___ Sudden severe confusion requires emergency care.
___ Using routines and reminders can help people with this disease live more independently.

ASSESSMENT of WELL-BEING INDIVIDUALIZED PATIENT HOMEWORK

Individualizing Learning

(Use these questions to tailor education to each patient’s specific needs and situation)

Have you been told how much vitamin B1 (thiamine) you should take daily?
Are you currently drinking alcohol, or have you stopped?
What memory problems affect your daily life the most?
Are you using any tools like calendars, notes, or alarms to help your memory?
Do you have support from family or caregivers to help with daily tasks?
Have you noticed any mood changes, like feeling anxious or sad?
Are you attending any therapy or support groups?
Have you had any falls or accidents recently?
Do you remember to take your medications every day?
How is your diet? Are you eating plenty of fruits and vegetables?
Have you had regular check-ups with your doctor since diagnosis?
Do you understand when to call your nurse or doctor if symptoms worsen?
Do you have any trouble with coordination or balance?
Are you aware of any side effects from your medications?
How do you feel about stopping alcohol use? Do you need help?